Renewable energy is energy derived from sources that are not depleted or replaced, such as wind, solar, hydroelectric, geothermal and energy from renewable sources.
The wind energy. The wind energy industry has rapidly burgeoning in recent years. While the global wind power installed capacity in 1998 amounted to slightly more than 10.000 MW in total in 2005 had already reached 60.000 MW.
The number is expected to rise to 150.000 MW by 2012. The main cause of this rapid growth is the relatively low cost of wind energy compared with other renewables. During the operation of a wind farm is not carbon dioxide or other gases that pollute the atmosphere (carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, carcinogenic microparticles, etc.), as in conventional power stations. Throughout the use of a single 1,5 MW wind turbine can save about 80,000 tons of mineral coal (brown coal). This means that not only intensifies the greenhouse effect, but there are no negative consequences to public health from air pollution.
The solar energy. There are many different systems that benefit from the energy, produced from the sun: The solar cells convert sunlight directly into electricity. Such information is often embedded in the roof.
Photovoltaics offer the additional advantage of being able to supply energy to populated areas, which are not covered by the grid, thereby improving the quality of life and promoting sustainable development. The solar thermal power plants use the heat of the sun, the first concentrating sunlight using mirrors to heat water or another medium and then converting the steam into electricity through a solar thermal energy gennitrias.I is promising for cities where air pollution tends to be a big problem. The solar thermal power stations open perspectives for future transfers of power from warm to cold growing developed countries. A relatively simple method is to also use energy from the sun to heat water. The solar thermal collectors use the sun's radiation that falls on them to heat tap water (and, to a lesser extent, to heat water for space heating).
Hydropower. Hydropower includes energy from small hydro power plants, energy from tides, and energy from sea waves. Worldwide, hydropower contributes 19% to electricity production. These units usually consist of a tank near a dam, which is concentrated in the large quantity of water.
The water is released suddenly and with great force passes through a generator, producing thus energy. The production of energy from hydroelectric plants do not cause pollution, but the hydropower projects, especially large units, often causing other environmental impacts. The construction of hydroelectric power stations can be a huge intervention in the natural environment and nuisance to the flora and fauna species that live nearby, but these projects also involve significant social and economic risks.
Geothermal energy. Geothermal energy has to do with using the heat of the earth to produce energy. The pumps, geothermal energy can be used almost pantou.I technology for geothermal energy extraction in varied shallow geothermal at relatively low temperatures, and deep geothermal energy at higher temperatures. The relatively constant temperature of the upper 15 meters of the Earth's surface (or groundwater), which is formally known as shallow geothermal energy can be used for heating or cooling buildings. The heat pump uses a series of pipes to circulate warm liquid through the soil. In winter, the soil is warmer than the buildings on the surface, the liquid absorbs the heat which is then condensed by geoenallakton or heat sinks, and transported to the buildings. In summer, the soil is cooler, is the reverse process: the pump transports heat from the buildings to the ground. The extraction of energy from the deeper layers of the Earth, called deep geothermal energy requires drilling deep wells. If you have much groundwater can be used directly in power stations to produce electricity and heat. If not available, water can be pumped between the layers of hot rock and then back to the surface at high temperature through a second opening well. Using geothermal energy does not require any fossil fuels. The geothermal power plants emit only excess steam and very little trace gases.
Energy from biomass. Biomass call on any new organic matter produced by plants as a result of the process of photosynthesis. Energy from biomass derived from plant and animal material such as wood from forests, residues from agricultural and forestry processes, and industrial, human or animal waste. Biomass can be divided into two categories: - Traditional biomass is generally limited to developing countries and small-scale uses. Include firewood and coal for household use, Hera rice, other plant residues and animal dung. The traditional biomass used in open fires for cooking and heating is still very important in developing countries because of lack of alternatives. - Modern biomass usually involve large scale use and to replace conventional energy sources to fossil fuels. Includes dry twigs from the forest and agricultural residues, household waste, biogas and biofuels from energy crops (such as oils from plants and / or plants containing starch and sugars). Modern biomass used to produce energy and heat in large-scale facilities. Biomass in all its applications (power generation, heating fuel) contributes significantly to environmental protection and preservation of natural resources, whether used or waste specific crops.
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