Climate Changed; Is it too late for planet Earth to recover?

It is less alarming that, while climate change has concerned the scientific community for more than a century, the headlines «saw» the problem is only in recent years. Today, 185 years since the French mathematician Jean-Baptiste Fourier first argued that the Earth's temperature may rise because certain gases in the atmosphere, the proportion of the greenhouse effect is more timely than ever.

The eight warmest years than when measurements began around-1850 - registered since 1998, while reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicate that the planet is still hot, almost certainly as a result of human activities. Last summer, the total volume of ice in the Arctic reached the lower levels, at least the last seventy years and probably the last eight millennia. The NASA and the National Data Center of Polo America has an alarm signal, as the latest measurements show that parts of the ice melt is not restored during the winter months. In addition, the concentration of old ice has decreased significantly, while in summer of 2007 «lost» a cold area the size of Alaska. A recent study, researchers at the University of Colorado, by 2037 the Arctic ice will melt completely during the summer.

In the late 19th century, scientists have begun to suspect that the coal may contribute to increased air temperature, but should be several decades until they realize that the process had already begun. The systematic measurement of atmospheric CO2 levels started in 1957 by oceanographer David Keeling, who soon noticed a growing trend. The future of humanity and the whole world could be very different if the reaction to this observation is not enough to twenty-two years late. The first global conference on climate change, during which the governments of the world were encouraged to take preventive measures against anthropogenic climate change, organized in 1979. The prevailing mentality has changed little since 1985, when the international conference on global warming ended with the conclusion that «in the first half of the 21st century greenhouse gases will cause a greater temperature increase in the annals of mankind».

What ultimately prompted the UN to establish the IPCC was the unprecedented drought that terrorized the U.S. in 1989. The maiden report of the Commission revealed that the planet has warmed by five points in the last century. In 1992 in Brazil, the 154 Member Governments agreed-unofficially-that by 2000 the developed countries would reduce carbon dioxide emissions at 1990 levels. However, the largest producer of global CO2-the U.S. has agreed to four years later, when it was clear that most countries would not achieve the objectives of the Treaty. Negotiations led to the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 and the commitment that by 2012 the emissions of developed countries is 5% lower than 1990. Once again, the U.S. refused to sign. Despite repeated warnings from scientists, the protocol was only implemented in 2005. Meanwhile, various parts of the world affected by severe flooding and Europe had experienced the hottest summer for at least the last hundred years.

In October 2006, the study by the economist Sir Nicholas Stern has attracted the spotlight, counting the possible consequences of climate change in the global economy.

This was followed by several efforts to negotiate with the participation of scientists, political leaders and executives of multinational companies, but to take a decision about the future of the planet.

Emissions of carbon dioxide continue to rise rapidly, while the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is higher than the last 420 millennia. Furthermore, WWF estimates that if the needs of humanity continue to grow with these rates, by 2050 we need natural resources but not a two planets like Earth. The shortcomings of the great projects promoted by governments of the world against climate change is often concealed by even the scientists themselves, who fear that the pessimistic forecasts would definitely discourage those who have the willingness to adopt environmentally friendly behaviors. The distrust of the scientific community in policy statements came to light during a recent survey by British newspaper «Guardian». As demonstrated by the responses of participants in the climate conference held in March in Copenhagen, the vast majority of experts did not believe that mankind will be able to limit the temperature increase to two degrees Celsius by the levels of the Industrial Revolution.

Indeed, although more than half of respondents answered that the targeting of two points can still be achieved, only 14% think it is unlikely in practice. Indeed, several scientists, who are the world «elite» special on climate change, said that only a series of extreme weather events would force politicians to take action. The planet is already about 0.8 degrees warmer than what the 19th century and further growth is inevitable because of the huge amounts of CO2 released into the atmosphere in recent decades. The rise of four degrees, provided in accordance with the predominant scenario would result in rising sea levels, desertification of large areas and the destruction of thousands of species of life

oil of the world will end soon

«We should leave oil before we left our one», points out economist of the International Energy Agency.

Destructive deleted the picture of the future global energy industry, including several major oil fields have now surpassed the peak of production and beginning to come into decline.

The warning was made by Fatih Birol, chief economist of the International Energy Agency (IEA).

It supports that «oil crisis» in the next 5 years could be a major obstacle to the recovery of the global economy.

In an interview with the newspaper The Independent, the Birol says that higher crude prices triggered by the rapid rise in demand, while stagnation or decline the offer, may derail the recovery.

It also found that most governments are aware that oil reserves have started to decline at a faster pace than envisaged earlier. World production is now estimated to reach a peak a decade ago, nearly 10 years earlier than expected.

One day oil will end and will not be tomorrow or the day after, but still will end, so we should leave oil before we leave that, and we must prepare for this development.

Earth temperature increases

The models so far on climate change have dramatically underestimated the warming due to greenhouse gases, experts warned.

This means that current projections of temperature increases is incorrect and should be revised upwards over 2nd C, even up to 7.7 ° Celsius by the end of the 21st century.

British efforts to combat climate change have focused on banning the levels of carbon dioxide above 450 parts per million, equivalent to a rise 2 ° Celsius. If the world more heated, many climate experts believe fragile ecosystems that will also compel beyond the "balance", causing global warming without refund.

This phenomenon came to light during a study of the effects of global surface temperatures in atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide. Scientists have long known that greenhouse gases raise temperatures by making essentially an 'insulation' of the planet. But there is another less well known mechanism is that the planet the more carbon dioxide is due to release from the soil and oceans. The result is a mechanism where atmospheric carbon dioxide creates warming, forcing then naturally released more carbon dioxide.

The Peter Cox, director of science for climate change at the Center for Ecology and Hydrology in Dorset, together with researchers from the U.S. and the Netherlands used 'karotatou ice from the Antarctic to study the levels of carbon dioxide trapped during a period called interglacials short time, from 1550 to 1850. The researchers found that carbon dioxide is increasing rapidly with the heating, because the soil decomposed faster and oceans have lost more than gas.
Because scientists were unable to measure the effect before, has not included this phenomenon in many climate models. But when taken into account, they found that levels of carbon dioxide in the models led to higher temperatures, somewhere between 15 and 78%. A recent report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change found that levels of carbon dioxide probably doubled pre-industrial levels by 2050. The latest research makes estimates between 1.6 ° C and 6 ° Celsius.

The Margaret Torn head of research, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, said: "To predict the future must guess whether the levels of carbon dioxide will rise. It depends on the greater uncertainty, what people do."

In another report Australian researchers predict that by 2100 the average temperature of Earth could rise by more than 1.4 to 5.8 degrees Celsius, predicted in 2001 the intergovernmental body for the UN Climate Change.

Also, that global warming will increase more than expected frequency of extreme weather events such as the heat wave that hit central Europe in August 2003.

And the melting ice will reduce the reflection of the Earth's surface near the ice resulting in rising temperatures. Thus, the Arctic Ocean, towards the end of the century may not have hardly any ice in the summer

THE DESTRUCTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

The destruction of the environment is our great shame and endangering the lives and future of humans on the planet. A shame that some are certainly more responsible than others, but ultimately we all do damage, albeit small. The destruction of the environment involves much suffering. Report the following:

The plants act as volcanoes producing pollutants to the extent that not only degrades the quality of our lives, but pose a serious risk. The car is undoubtedly another major factor of contamination of the environment (see Figure 5.7). Almost all cities, large and small, are full of smog. The primacy in this katantima seems to hold the City of Mexico, where the 25 million inhabitants live in the daily smog. If the whole world reached the average standard of living in richer countries, then about 500 million cars that currently exist on our planet, will reach around 3 billion. And just think that it stops the mind, thinking of the impact of the environment such an increase in the number of polluting cars. And consider that in 50 years the population will reach around 10 billion (hence the number of cars will reach 5 billion) that in 100 years will reach 15 billion (so that the number will reach 7.5 billion).
This phenomenon is due to increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is blown into the atmosphere from burning solid fuels (eg from factories, cars, etc.). Global warming is worse every day due to two negative phenomena that occur simultaneously. The first is that the quantities of carbon dioxide are frighteningly large and increases exponentially with time. The second bad thing is that our forests, which absorb part of the carbon dioxide destroyed (incinerated or ekchersonontai) with great pace, so the absorption is reduced and more every day. Thus, these two evils together, worrying increase the greenhouse effect.
Many experts argue that because of emissions, about 50 years, life on Earth will be almost impossible.

The impact of emissions is therefore tremendous. It's like we're inside a car exposed to sun and summers we (here carbon dioxide) to close the windows of the car. This will also result in the suffocating temperature increase in the vehicle. This basically happens in the atmosphere due to the tremendous increase in carbon dioxide. This warming will have dire consequences, as explained in one of the paragraphs below entitled «the climate».

Climate change in Europe

The temperature rises in Europe very fast. The Mediterranean is south of the areas which are particularly hard hit and in danger of turning into arid land, while the North threatened instead be converted into a permanently wet area.

Report of the European Environment Agency, the World Health Organization and the European Commission also shows that European governments should invest in adaptation to climate change more and faster. Since global warming risk the mountains, the coasts of Europe, the Mediterranean and the Arctic.
The average global temperature has increased by nearly 0.8 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and even higher temperature increases in Europe and northern latitudes, highlight the report's authors.

The temperature in Europe has risen by 1 degree Celsius. In northern Europe will increase the humidity this century, while most of Mediterranean Europe may be turned into desert, according to the trends that already exist. The lethal heat waves in Europe, as of 2003, may be more often, while "The annual changes in rainfall exacerbate the differences between a wet northern part of Europe and a dry south.

Among other impacts of climate change is rising sea levels. Some fish populations already moved 1,000 km north in the last 40 years, notes the report, stressing also that two-thirds of Alpine glaciers disappeared in 1850.

In Europe, 4 million people and 2 trillion euros property exposed by the floods caused by rising sea levels by 2100. Few in Europe would benefit from these changes, such as farmers in the north, which will have longer to grow their products.

The newspaper "Guardian" wrote that the mobile phones via GPS can calculate the movement of users and inform them how much they charged to the environment in emissions of carbon dioxide.

The Greenhouse Effect

The sun emits radiation. Since only a 50% reach on earth. 20% absorbed by clouds, while the remaining 30% is reflected back into space. The conservation of the Earth's surface at a constant temperature is the result of the energy balance between incoming solar radiation and the energy radiated by the Earth.
The increased concentration of carbon dioxide and other gases such as:
Water vapor (evaporated water), ozone (secondary pollutant formed in the atmosphere by a series of photochemical reactions), methane (rice, livestock, landfills), chlorofluorocarbons (various sprays, refrigerants) and oxides of nitrogen (fertilizers, deforestation) which are released by human activities trap larger amounts of heat. Some gases are retained in the atmosphere for many years and have multiple effects than carbon dioxide. Of these gases carbon dioxide involved in global emissions by 60%.

The trapping of radiation in the atmosphere is the main consequence of increasing core temperature. Studies have shown that the last century the average temperature of Earth has increased by half a degree with a corresponding increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide by 20%. If the rate of oil consumption continues to grow worldwide by 2% each year, the Earth's temperature will increase leading to:
To melt the ice in the poles, to increase sea levels, coastal areas to be covered by water and large masses of people to move to higher areas. As a result of climate change, that change of pace and intensity of rainfall, intensification of winds in the presence of tornadoes, sudden changes in temperature and humidity, movement of farmland and rural respective periods. Changes in movement of water masses in the oceans, resulting in some regions of the world, like Europe to become more cold. Alongside the tropical rains will increase in Ecuador.
Changes in proliferation zones of flora and fauna with unpredictable consequences for biodiversity and humans.

The problem of global warming has worried the international community. So in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992 was decided by the 166 States participating in the stabilization of the emission of pollutant gases at 1990 levels by 2000. The next conference in Kyoto, Japan has put new restrictions on carbon dioxide emissions by 2015.
The burning of oil is the main factor of air pollution. Main sources of oil combustion and thus pollution are industry vehicles and heating.
What steps should be taken each citizen in order to reduce emissions of air pollutants that contribute to increasing the greenhouse effect:
1. ILLUMINATION
Using natural as possible instead of artificial lighting during the day.
Replace common light bulbs with energy lamptirtes economy.
Clear bulbs in unused spaces.
Maintaining low interior lighting at night.
Minimizing external lighting and automation installation anavosvisimatos.
Remove from oversized lamp luminaires.
Replace light bulbs low efficiency (eg lamps) with more efficient lamps (eg fluorescent).
Install the outside lights to be powered by the sun, called, Solar garden lights.
2.HOT WATER HEATING
With solar heater and cloudy days with electricity via a thermostat.
With heat pump consumes three times less power from the common heater.
The thermostat of the heater or heat pump not adjusted higher than 60 0C.
3. CENTRAL HEATING
To work together thermostat offset time and space.
Purification and regulation of the boiler burner once a year before running.
Install four-valve operation of progressive electronic regulator that ensures a reduction of oil consumption by 30%.
Good boiler and pipe insulation to minimize losses.
Replacing old frames with new thermal insulation housing.
4. Refrigeration
To use eco liquids in refrigerators and air conditioners.
Be regulated internal thermostats of air conditioners so that the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor shall not exceed 10 0C.
The central cooling equipment using solar coolers. They coordinated with the sun and as long as there is sunshine more cold water to produce.
5. TRAVEL
Avoid unnecessary movement and should be taken to the workplace is near the place of residence.
Travel by public transport.
Minimum possible by using the car and filled with great people.
For short distances using a simple bicycle, electric bicycles or mopeds.
6. RECYCLING
Metals, glass, plastic, paper, building materials and many others, need large amounts of energy to produce. That means emissions that enhances the greenhouse effect. All these materials contain energy must be collected at source recycled and reused.
They must also limit the excessive production and consumption to reduce the volume of waste material.
7. WATER
The collection, storage and use of roof water in our homes is an act that saves water and energy since the water is pumped from the City and consumes energy that charged the greenhouse effect.
8.ANANEOSIMES ENERGY SOURCES
Using solar and wind energy:
In the house you are away from electricity networks.
In young plants interconnected with the PPC.
In caravans and small boats.
Using geothermal energy for heating hot water spas, greenhouses, etc.
9. BUILDINGS
Building orientation within the plot to exploit the solar radiation and wind pneontes.
Good thermal insulation of external walls.
Appropriate planning of external frames to take account of the natural lighting and insulation of the building.
Construction of underground rainwater storage tank.
Planting in the area surrounding the building deciduous trees on the south side and evergreen in the north.
All the above relate to the individual requirements of each one of us. But to save the planet Earth, should be sensitized and our rulers. For responsibilities and obligations, we will in our next article